This book has been written for students of B.sc Physics of various departments Indian universities . the
book covers widely the syllabi prescribed by---Periyar Maniammai institute of science and technology
.Bharathidasan,Mononmaniyam sundaranar,Bharathiyar,Madurai Kamaraj,Calicut Universities
All available standard books on the subject have been freely consulted for the preparation of this book .I
acknowledge gratefully my indebtedness to the authors books on this subject
I acknowledge the kind help rendered by my friends and students in preparing this books
I an extremely thankful to Chancellor Dr.K.Veeramani Vice C hancellar Dr.R.Ramachndran and Register
Dr.Malliga Dean and Heads All faculty member friends