Molecular biology is a branch of biology that deals with the molecular basis of biological
activity. It involves the study of the structure and function of the molecules that make up the
cells and organisms, primarily focusing on the interactions between various systems of the cell,
including the interrelationship of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. This field has
revolutionized our understanding of the mechanisms of genetic inheritance, the regulation of
genes, and the processes by which cellular functions are carried out. The history of molecular
biology is marked by landmark discoveries such as the double-helix structure of DNA by James
Watson and Francis Crick, the elucidation of the genetic code, and the advent of recombinant
DNA technology. These breakthroughs have paved the way for significant advancements in
biotechnology, medicine, and genetics.