This foundational chapter provides a comprehensive exploration of three-dimensional printing
technologies and their revolutionary applications in medical science. The chapter systematically
examines the historical evolution of additive manufacturing in healthcare, fundamental principles
governing medical 3D printing processes, diverse technological approaches including Fused Deposition
Modeling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), and Direct Metal Laser
Sintering (DMLS), along with specialized biocompatible materials and bio-inks. The discussion
encompasses the complete workflow from digital modeling to clinical implementation, regulatory
frameworks governing medical device manufacturing, and emerging integrations with artificial
intelligence and robotics. This chapter establishes the theoretical foundation necessary for
understanding advanced applications in personalized medicine, surgical planning, prosthetics, and
tissue engineering discussed in subsequent chapters.