In ancient India, midwifery was integral to society, with childbirth viewed as a sacred and communal event. Practices varied across regions and cultures, often intertwined with religious beliefs and local customs. Women typically assisted each other during childbirth, guided by experienced elders or traditional birth attendants (dais) who possessed knowledge passed down through generations. These daises played a crucial role in providing emotional support and practical assistance to expectant mothers, utilizing herbal remedies, massages, and rituals to aid in labor and postpartum recovery. The Ayurvedic system of medicine also contributed to childbirth practices, emphasizing holistic approaches to maternal and infant health.
During the medieval and early modern periods, midwifery practices in India continued to evolve alongside societal changes and advancements in medical knowledge. Islamic influences introduced new medical techniques and hygiene practices, influencing childbirth practices among Muslim communities. Hindu and Jain traditions maintained their own unique childbirth rituals, often involving prayers, specific dietary regulations, and the use of herbal preparations.