Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 (also referred to as The Paris Manuscripts)[1] are a series of notes written between April and August 1844 by Karl Marx. Not published by Marx during his lifetime, they were first released in 1927 by researchers in the Soviet Union.

In the first manuscript in which there are extensive quotes on economics from Adam Smith, Marx exposes his theory of alienation, which he adapted (not without changes) from Feuerbach's The Essence of Christianity (1841).

He explains how, under capitalism, more and more people rely on "labour" to live. That is, before people could rely in part on Nature itself for its "natural needs"; in modern society, if one wants to eat, one must work: it is only through money that one may survive. Thus, if the alienation of the worker consists in being a "slave toward its object", the worker is...