Understanding Society in India by Pranay Kumar Uzir is an undergraduate sociology textbook prepared in accordance with the Four-Year Undergraduate Programme (FYUGP) under Gauhati University and aligned with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. Designed for second-semester students, the book builds on the foundation of Introduction to Sociology and offers a systematic and accessible exploration of Indian society. It critically examines India as an object of knowledge through colonial, nationalist, and subaltern perspectives, introduces key concepts such as caste, tribe, gender, rural and industrial society, and discusses major institutions including kinship, family, marriage, and religion. Written in clear language and enriched with relevant Indian examples, comparative charts, summaries, and exercises, the book encourages critical engagement and deeper understanding. It is intended to serve as both a student-friendly resource and a valuable teaching aid, bridging classical sociological frameworks with contemporary realities of Indian society.