The 19th and early 20th centuries were marked by significant developments in mental health
services. The establishment of psychiatric hospitals became widespread, aiming to provide care
in a more structured setting. However, these institutions often became overcrowded and were
criticized for their harsh conditions. The early 20th century also saw the rise of psychoanalysis,
pioneered by Sigmund Freud. Psychoanalysis offered a novel approach to understanding
mental disorders through exploring unconscious thoughts and early childhood experiences.