T his chapter lays the groundwork for a comprehensive understanding of the medicinal plants as a structured agri-business sector of the Indian agricultural economy. It shifts the conceptual image of medicinal plants from traditional healing resources to scientifically validated commercial agricultural goods. Moreover, the chapter investigates the wide-ranging potential of the medicinal plant cultivation in Indian agriculture, considering both the old cultural aspects and the current market demand. Furthermore, it looks into the very crucial role that medicinal plants could play in rural areas by providing income sources, job openings, and opportunities for sustainable livelihood. The chapter wraps up with an Indian viewpoint on medicinal plants as the rising agri-business sector, revealing the blend of farming practices, scientific input, and business mindsets that make this sector an economic model for the poor agrarian community of India.