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Cement is a crucial component in construction materials that are utilized globally. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is the primary construction material used for infrastructure as well as housing projects worldwide, making it highly significant. A binding agent is essential for the cohesive aggregation of materials such as sand and gravel, resulting in the formation of mortar or concrete, which is widely used across the construction industry [1]. Based on estimates from the International Energy Agency, the global demand for cement was estimated to reach 4.3 Gigatons (Gt) in 2021. It is anticipated to steadily rise by 2030, with a 30% increase compared to 2020. This growth is mostly attributed to the development of housing and infrastructure in emerging nations [2]. Concrete is widely used in buildings and has been essential to the advancement of contemporary buildings and infrastructure. The material's flexibility, durability, and affordability have established it as a preferred choice for construction purposes. These applications encompass a wide range of structures, including tall buildings, bridges, walkways, and retaining walls.
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