Digital image processing (DIP) refers to the use of digital computational methods to process,
analyse, and manipulate images represented in discrete numerical form. An image, in this
context, is understood as a two-dimensional function f(x, y), where x and y denote spatial
coordinates and the value of f at any given point represents the intensity or brightness of the
image at that location. When the values of x, y, and f are all finite and discrete, the image is
called a digital image.