Phosphorous 32, Strontium 89 and Iodine 131 were first synthesized in the 1930s at the E.O. Lawrence Crocker Radiation Laboratory, University of California. The substances were used in nuclear medicine by the Crocker researchers.

These substances were later found to be created by the fission process. Neutron radiation was used medically by Dr Robert Stone in 1937, also at the Lawrence facility.

The United States entered World War 2 possessing detailed medical and biological knowledge related to these radioactive substances, some of which would become infamous among the peoples afflicted by the atomic bomb.

This book looks at the findings of the early researchers at the Lawrence "Rad Lab" and places these findings together with the discoveries relating to uranium fission and the fission products. The militarization of civilian medical and biological data commenced some years before the formation of the Manhattan Project.

The book discusses this...