Thorough examination of the current state, advancements, and challenges in the field of electric
and hybrid vehicles. The rapid depletion of fossil fuel resources and growing environmental
concerns have driven the automotive industry to seek sustainable alternatives. Electric and hybrid
vehicles have emerged as promising solutions, with advancements in battery technology,
powertrain design, and infrastructure development contributing to their increased adoption. This
paper reviews the key technologies underpinning electric and hybrid vehicles, explores the
environmental benefits, and delves into the challenges hindering their widespread adoption.
Additionally, the research paper discusses government initiatives, industry trends, and potential
future developments, aiming to offer a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape and
future prospects of electric and hybrid vehicles.