Cancer remains one of the most formidable challenges to global health, accounting for millions of deaths each year despite decades of progress in diagnosis and treatment. The complexity of cancer biology, characterized by genetic heterogeneity, adaptive resistance mechanisms, and dynamic tumor–host interactions, has exposed the limitations of conventional one-size-fits-all therapeutic strategies. In response to these challenges, oncology has entered a transformative era—one defined by precision, personalization, and technological convergence. This book, *Next-Generation Oncology: Nanomedicine and AI Applications*, is conceived within this paradigm shift. T he purpose of this book is to provide a comprehensive and accessible overview of how nanomedicine and artificial intelligence are reshaping modern cancer care. These two domains, though distinct in origin, converge powerfully in oncology by addressing long-standing challenges in drug delivery, diagnostics, treatment planning, and clinical decision-making. Nanomedicine offers innovative solutions to overcome biological barriers, enhance tumor-specific targeting, and reduce systemic toxicity, while artificial intelligence enables the interpretation of vast and complex datasets, supporting accurate diagnosis, prognostication, and personalized treatment strategies.