Compensation for Human Rights Violations: Landmark Rulings Against the State and Police in India

Description

Compensation for Human Rights Violations
Landmark Rulings Against the State and Police in India
by Bharat Bhushan Pareek, Advocate

When the police arrest someone without lawful cause, beat him in custody, keep him in jail after his release has been ordered, or frame him for a crime he did not commit, what does the State owe him? Indian courts have given a clear answer over four decades: the State must pay.

Compensation for Human Rights Violations: Landmark Rulings Against the State and Police in India collects more than fifty rulings of the Supreme Court and the High Courts in which a court named a specific sum and ordered the State or its police to pay it. The cases begin with Rudul Sah (1983), kept in jail for fourteen years after his acquittal, and come up to the awards of ₹25 lakh and ₹50 lakh made in recent years.

The rulings are grouped by the type of wrong:

illegal arrest and unlawful detention;
detention beyond the lawful term;
custodial torture and humiliation;
custodial death and enforced disappearance;
police violence outside custody;
false implication, malicious prosecution and wrongful conviction.

Each ruling is set out in the same format: citation, Bench, case number, date, facts, what the court held, and the exact amount awarded. Every case name links to the full judgment.

Beyond the case law, the book explains how courts fix the amount and recover it from the officers responsible, and how to pursue a claim in practice. It examines official NHRC, NCRB and Parliamentary data on custodial deaths and illegal detention. A separate chapter covers damages and costs against private complainants who misuse the criminal process. The annexures add a table of awards, the relevant provisions of the Constitution and the BNSS, a checklist and a model writ petition.

The book is written for advocates, judges, police officers, law students, human rights workers, and any citizen who wants to know what can be done when the State abuses its power. It is both a practical guide and a record of what the State owes to those whose liberty it holds in trust.

About the Author

Bharat Bhushan Pareek is a distinguished legal practitioner with over 38 years of experience in Indian law. Enrolled with the Bar Council of Rajasthan in 1988, he practises mainly before the Rajasthan High Court at Jaipur and heads Bharat Bhushan Pareek & Associates. Throughout his career he has been a relentless advocate for justice, particularly in cases of human rights violations, custodial crimes, illegal detention and the criminalisation of civil disputes. His legal work has exposed systemic flaws in India’s justice system and contributed to the ongoing discussion on legal reform, judicial accountability and the protection of fundamental rights.

Pareek’s expertise spans criminal and civil writ jurisdiction, human rights litigation, criminal procedure under both the CrPC and the BNSS, labour and employment law, consumer protection, and land and revenue matters. This makes him one of the foremost voices against custodial brutality, unlawful detention and procedural lapses in law enforcement. Through his legal practice and his writing, he has consistently fought injustice and called for reforms to make the legal system more transparent and fair.
As an author and legal scholar, Pareek writes books that offer deeply researched insights into India’s legal challenges, drawing on real cases, landmark judgments of the Supreme Court and the High Courts, and policy analysis. His writings are essential reading for legal professionals, human rights advocates, scholars and policymakers invested in reforming India’s criminal justice system.

Published Works
1. Compensation for Human Rights Violations: Landmark Rulings Against the State and Police in India
2. Wrongful Convictions and Acquittals Without Compensation
3. Custodial Crimes and Brutality in India: Unveiling Deaths, Violence, Torture, Rape & Fake Encounters
4. Inhuman Conditions: The Struggle for Dignity in India’s Prisons
5. Preventing Criminalization of Civil Disputes in India
6. Justice for Sale: The Rise of Judicial Scandals in India
7. Struggle for Advocates Protection Laws in India
8. False Rape Allegations, Honey Traps & the Fight for Men’s Rights in India
9. The One-Year Passport Scam
10. COVID-19: Pandemic or Plandemic, Infodemic and Scamdemic – Decoding the Global Crisis
11. The Economics of War: The Global Economy of Conflict (Second Edition)
12. PM Narendra Modi: Leadership, Governance & Ideology (Hindi and English)
13. Narendra Modi: The Worst Prime Minister? A Critical Analysis of Leadership & Hindutva Hegemony

Commitment to Legal Reform and Human Rights

Bharat Bhushan Pareek’s pursuit of justice goes beyond his legal practice and his writing. He is engaged in legal education, public policy advocacy and human rights campaigns, and mentors young lawyers committed to justice and constitutionalism. Through his legal battles, publications and public engagements, he continues to challenge institutional injustice and push for a more just and transparent legal system.
His writings are a valuable resource for legal scholars, students, practitioners and policymakers, offering insights, case studies and recommendations for strengthening India’s legal framework. His dedication to justice and legal reform continues to shape legal scholarship and human rights advocacy, so that the most vulnerable and marginalised receive the protection they deserve.
All his books are available on Pothi.com, Amazon.in and Flipkart, and directly from the author.

Contact Information
Bharat Bhushan Pareek
G-5 Royal Sundram Apartments
1, Vivekanand Marg, C-Scheme
Jaipur, India – 302001
Mob: +91 9828376619
Email: bbpareek@yahoo.com

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